It is not unusual, when the first surname is very common, like García in the example above, for a person to be referred to formally using both family names, or casually by their second surname only. Very formally, he could be addressed with an honorific such as don José Antonio or don José. Antoñito, Toñín, Toñito, Ñoño or Nono (diminutives of Antonio).Joselito, Josito, Joselillo, Josico or Joselín (diminutives of José).Resolving questions like this, which typically involve very common names (" Juan" is rarely a surname), often requires the consultation of the person involved or legal documents pertaining to them.Ī man named José Antonio Gómez Iglesias would normally be addressed as either señor Gómez or señor Gómez Iglesias instead of señor Iglesias, because Gómez is his first surname. However, "Juan" was actually his first surname. For example, the writer Sebastià Juan Arbó was alphabetised by the Library of Congress for many years under " Arbó", assuming that Sebastià and Juan were both given names. There are times when it is impossible, by inspection of a name, to correctly analyse it. For example, a person's name might be Juan Pablo Fernández de Calderón García-Iglesias, consisting of a forename ( Juan Pablo), a paternal surname ( Fernández de Calderón), and a maternal surname ( García-Iglesias). Įach surname can also be composite, with the parts usually linked by the conjunction y or e (and), by the preposition de (of), or by a hyphen. However, this legislation only applies to Spanish citizens people of other nationalities are issued the surname indicated by the laws of their original country. The law also grants a person the option, upon reaching adulthood, of reversing the order of their surnames. Since June 2017, adopting the paternal name first is no longer the standard method, and parents are required to sign an agreement wherein the name order is expressed explicitly. The only requirement is that every son and daughter must have the same order of the surnames, so they cannot change it separately. Since 2013, if the parents of a child were unable to agree on the order of surnames, an official would decide which is to come first, with the paternal name being the default option. Spanish gender equality law has allowed surname transposition since 1999, subject to the condition that every sibling must bear the same surname order recorded in the Registro Civil ( civil registry), but there have been legal exceptions. For example, if a man named Eduardo Fernández Garrido marries a woman named María Dolores Martínez Ruiz (note that women do not change their name with marriage) and they have a child named José, there are several legal options, but their child would most usually be known as José Fernández Martínez. Traditionally, a person's first surname is the father's first surname ( apellido paterno), while their second surname is the mother's first surname ( apellido materno). The two surnames refer to each of the parental families. 4.3.2 Galician given names and nicknamesĬurrently in Spain, people bear a single or composite given name ( nombre in Spanish) and two surnames ( apellidos in Spanish).Ī composite given name comprises two (or more) single names for example Juan Pablo is considered not to be a first and a second forename, but a single composite forename.4.2.1 Catalan hypocoristics and nicknames.3.5 Spanish hypocoristics and nicknames.This does not affect alphabetization: "Lorca", the Spanish poet, must be alphabetized in an index under "García Lorca", not "Lorca" or "García". In these cases, it is even common to use only the second surname, as in "Lorca", "Picasso" or "Zapatero".
Both surnames are sometimes systematically used when the first surname is very common (e.g., Federico García Lorca, Pablo Ruiz Picasso or José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero) to get a more customized name. " Miguel de Unamuno" for Miguel de Unamuno y Jugo) the complete name is typically reserved for legal, formal, and documentary matters. Often, the practice is to use one given name and the first surname most of the time (e.g. In recent years in Spain, the order of the surnames in a family is decided when registering the first child, but the traditional order is nearly universally chosen (99.53% of the time). Usually, the first surname is the father's first surname, and the second the mother's first surname. Spanish names typically consist of a given name (simple or composite ) followed by two surnames.
For naming customs in Hispanic America, see Naming customs of Hispanic America. This article is about naming customs in Spain.
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